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🏗️ System Architecture

🌐 Overview​

ChainMove is a decentralized vehicle financing platform that leverages blockchain technology to create transparent, secure, and efficient vehicle financing solutions. The architecture follows modern web application best practices with a focus on security, scalability, and maintainability.

🛠 Tech Stack​

Frontend Layer​

  • Framework: Next.js 13+ with App Router
  • Language: TypeScript 5.0+
  • UI Library: React 18+ with Concurrent Features
  • Styling: Tailwind CSS with CSS Modules
  • State Management: React Context + useReducer
  • Form Handling: React Hook Form with Zod validation
  • Data Fetching: SWR with optimistic updates
  • Web3: ethers.js v6, Web3Modal
  • Maps: Mapbox GL JS
  • Charts: Recharts
  • Testing: Jest, React Testing Library, Cypress

Backend Layer​

  • Runtime: Node.js 18+ (LTS)
  • Framework: Next.js API Routes
  • Database: PostgreSQL 14+ with Prisma ORM
  • Authentication: NextAuth.js with JWT & Web3
  • Caching: Redis
  • Search: MeiliSearch
  • Email: Resend
  • Payments: Stripe Integration
  • Blockchain: Ethereum, Polygon (Matic)
  • Storage: IPFS, AWS S3

Smart Contracts​

  • Language: Solidity 0.8.17+
  • Frameworks: Hardhat, OpenZeppelin
  • Testing: Waffle, Chai
  • Security: Slither, MythX
  • Standards: ERC-721, ERC-20, EIP-712

DevOps & Infrastructure​

  • Version Control: GitHub
  • CI/CD: GitHub Actions
  • Containerization: Docker, Docker Compose
  • Orchestration: Kubernetes
  • Hosting: Vercel (Frontend), AWS ECS (Backend)
  • Monitoring: Sentry, Prometheus, Grafana
  • Logging: ELK Stack
  • Analytics: PostHog, Google Analytics
  • CDN: Cloudflare

🏗 Application Structure​

chain-move/
├── app/                    # Next.js 13+ app directory (App Router)
│   ├── (auth)/             # Authentication routes
│   │   ├── login/          # Login page
│   │   └── register/       # Registration page
│   ├── (dashboard)/        # Authenticated routes
│   │   ├── investor/       # Investor dashboard
│   │   └── driver/         # Driver dashboard
│   ├── api/                # API routes
│   │   ├── auth/           # Authentication endpoints
│   │   ├── vehicles/       # Vehicle management
│   │   └── investments/    # Investment endpoints
│   └── ...
├── components/             # Reusable UI components
│   ├── ui/                 # Shadcn/ui components
│   ├── dashboard/          # Dashboard components
│   └── web3/               # Web3-specific components
├── config/                 # App configuration
├── contracts/              # Smart contracts
│   ├── artifacts/          # Compiled contracts
│   ├── contracts/          # Solidity source
│   └── test/               # Contract tests
├── hooks/                  # Custom React hooks
├── lib/                    # Utility functions
│   ├── api/                # API clients
│   ├── blockchain/         # Web3 utilities
│   └── utils/              # Helper functions
├── prisma/                 # Database schema
│   ├── migrations/         # Database migrations
│   └── schema.prisma       # Prisma schema
├── public/                 # Static assets
├── styles/                 # Global styles
└── types/                  # TypeScript types

🔄 Data Flow​

1. Authentication Flow​

2. Vehicle Financing Flow​

🏛 System Components​

1. Frontend Architecture​

  • Page Components: Server Components for better SEO and performance
  • Client Components: Interactive UI elements with 'use client' directive
  • State Management: React Context + useReducer for global state
  • Data Fetching: SWR with optimistic updates and revalidation
  • Form Handling: React Hook Form with Zod validation
  • Web3 Integration: Custom hooks for blockchain interactions

2. Backend Architecture​

  • API Routes: RESTful endpoints with Next.js API Routes
  • Authentication: JWT with refresh tokens, Web3 wallet auth
  • Database: PostgreSQL with Prisma ORM for type-safe queries
  • Caching: Redis for frequently accessed data
  • Background Jobs: BullMQ for queue management
  • Real-time Updates: WebSockets for live data

3. Smart Contract Architecture​

🔒 Security Architecture​

Authentication & Authorization​

  • JWT with short-lived access tokens and secure refresh tokens
  • Role-based access control (RBAC)
  • Web3 wallet signature verification
  • Rate limiting and request throttling

Data Protection​

  • Encryption at rest (AES-256)
  • Encryption in transit (TLS 1.3)
  • Secure cookie settings (httpOnly, secure, sameSite)
  • CSRF protection
  • XSS prevention (Content Security Policy)

Smart Contract Security​

  • Comprehensive test coverage
  • Formal verification where applicable
  • Regular security audits
  • Emergency pause functionality
  • Upgradeable contracts with timelock

📈 Scalability Considerations​

Frontend​

  • Code splitting with dynamic imports
  • Image optimization with Next/Image
  • Static site generation (SSG) where possible
  • Edge caching with CDN

Backend​

  • Horizontal scaling with Kubernetes
  • Database read replicas
  • Connection pooling
  • Caching strategy with Redis

Blockchain​

  • Layer 2 solutions (Polygon)
  • Gas optimization
  • Batch transactions
  • Off-chain computation

🚀 Deployment Architecture​

Monitoring & Observability​

  • Application metrics with Prometheus
  • Log aggregation with ELK Stack
  • Real-user monitoring with Sentry
  • Uptime monitoring
  • Performance monitoring

🔄 CI/CD Pipeline​

  1. Code Push

    • Linting and type checking
    • Unit tests
    • E2E tests
    • Security scanning

  2. Pull Request

    • Preview deployment
    • Integration tests
    • Code review required

  3. Merge to Main

    • Build production artifacts
    • Run all tests
    • Deploy to staging
    • Run smoke tests
    • Deploy to production (with approval)
    • Run post-deployment tests

📚 Related Documentation​